In recent years, the landscape of technology in Africa has transformed dramatically. Initially, AI and blockchain were mostly unknown across the continent. As of 2020, the digital divide was stark, with only 28% of Africans having internet access compared to the global average of 56%. The World Bank identified inadequate infrastructure and a lack of technical expertise as significant barriers to widespread technology adoption. Consequently, the potential for integrating disruptive technologies like AI and blockchain into national policies was limited. However, the scenario has improved, with broadband internet access in Africa increasing to 36%.
The Rise of Blockchain and AI in Africa
By 2022, African blockchain startups had attracted $474 million, marking a phenomenal 429% year-on-year growth. Countries such as Kenya, South Africa, and Nigeria now rank among the top 10 globally for cryptocurrency use. Various African nations are leveraging disruptive technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Blockchain to enhance governance, boost transparency, and improve service delivery to citizens. These technologies are being used for everything from combating corruption with blockchain to developing national digital currencies.
Mauritius: Pioneering AI Governance
Mauritius stands out as a leader in AI governance. The nation has adopted a comprehensive national strategy based on four principles: fostering AI applications, building a robust AI ecosystem, investing in skills development, and creating regulatory frameworks for responsible AI use. This strategic approach has allowed Mauritius to implement AI across multiple sectors, including healthcare, fintech, and sustainability. For example, real-time traffic management systems are being developed to improve safety. By 2030, AI could contribute up to 10% of Mauritius’s GDP, which is currently $11.5 billion.
South Africa: Advancing with AI and Infrastructure
South Africa, with a GDP of approximately $350 billion and an internet penetration rate of 64%, is well-positioned to leverage AI. The nation has access to 5G networks and key cloud service providers. The South African Artificial Intelligence Association promotes ethical AI practices, reflecting the country’s commitment to responsible AI development. However, challenges persist, particularly the skills gap, with only 16% of the population having post-secondary education. To address this, South Africa must focus on AI education and training programs. Additionally, limited data infrastructure in rural areas necessitates expanding mobile access to promote inclusive AI adoption.
Egypt: Building an AI-Ready Workforce
Egypt’s AI strategy prioritizes education and training, aligning with programs designed to equip future generations with essential AI skills. This initiative is crucial, given that over 60% of Egypt’s population is under 30. The strategy aims to ensure a smooth transition to an AI-driven workforce by focusing on retraining and skill redistribution to minimize job displacement. Preparing young Egyptians to thrive in an AI-powered economy is at the core of these efforts.
Tanzania: Revolutionizing Governance with AI
Earlier this year, Tanzania announced its plans to leverage AI to transform governance. This initiative aims to enhance the digital data pool and improve e-government services, increasing efficiency and transparency while reducing corruption. Minister of State George Simbachawene emphasized the challenges of traditional service delivery, citing delays and a lackadaisical attitude among some public servants. By integrating AI into e-government platforms, Tanzania aims to streamline processes, eliminate unnecessary queues, and expedite service delivery. With an internet penetration rate of 31.6%, Tanzania has significant room for growth and improvement.
Ghana: Leading the Way with Blockchain
Ghana aims to become Africa’s first blockchain-powered government, as announced by Vice President Mahamudu Bawumia at an anti-corruption conference. Blockchain’s immutability and transparency can significantly reduce manipulation and fraud in governmental operations. Beyond enhancing security, blockchain technology can optimize government functions by streamlining workflows, automating tasks, and improving record-keeping, leading to quicker processing times and better service delivery for citizens. Ghana, with an internet penetration rate of 48% and a GDP of $74 billion, is already a leader in digital governance. The government platform, Ghana.gov, has successfully onboarded 99% of government agencies. However, Ghana’s ambitious plans may encounter significant challenges.
Conclusion: A Bright Future for Technology in Africa
African nations are increasingly embracing AI and blockchain technologies to enhance governance and service delivery. With strategic investments in infrastructure, education, and regulatory frameworks, countries like Mauritius, South Africa, Egypt, Tanzania, and Ghana are leading the way. As these technologies continue to evolve, they hold the promise of transforming governance across the continent, paving the way for a more transparent, efficient, and inclusive future.
